By: Dr. Ellen Glickman

February 14, 2025

In today's digital age, the ubiquitous presence of cell phones has transformed them into essential tools for communication, information, and entertainment. However, when placed in the hands of children under 16, these devices can become detrimental, leading to physical inactivity, social isolation, and addiction driven by sophisticated algorithms. As a scientist deeply concerned about public health, I urge parents and policymakers to recognize that the cell phone is not a toy, but a powerful device that requires responsible handling.
 
Research indicates a negative correlation between cell phone use and physical activity among adolescents. A recent study involving 17 adolescents found that increased cell phone use was associated with decreased physical activity and increased sedentary behavior. This sedentary lifestyle contributes to rising obesity rates and related health issues. Moreover, excessive screen time can lead to social isolation, as face-to-face interactions are replaced by virtual engagements, hindering the development of essential social skills.
 
The addictive nature of social media platforms exacerbates these problems. Designed to capture and hold users' attention, these platforms employ algorithms that encourage prolonged use, making it challenging for young minds to disengage. Recognizing this, California enacted the "Protecting Our Kids from Social Media Addiction Act" (SB 976) in September 2024. This legislation prohibits social media platforms from providing addictive feeds to minors without parental consent, aiming to mitigate the negative mental health outcomes associated with heavy social media usage.
 
The bill acknowledges the ongoing mental health crisis, noting the increase in adolescent suicides, depressive episodes, and feelings of sadness and hopelessness in recent years. While SB 976 is a significant step toward protecting children, it is ultimately the responsibility of parents to guide their children's use of technology. Understanding the merits and responsibilities of being educational and social advocates is crucial in facilitating healthier, more active lifestyles for our youth.
 
Government leaders across the country are beginning to recognize the gravity of the issue. While California has taken an initial step with SB 976, other states are also attempting to implement policies that limit excessive social media use among minors. New York and Texas have proposed similar legislation that would require social media companies to implement stricter parental controls.
Lawmakers in these states argue that such measures are necessary to curb the growing mental health crisis among young people.
 
Congress has also held hearings examining the impact of social media on mental health, calling on technology executives to testify on their platform’s role in increasing addiction and psychological distress among youth. These discussions highlight the growing concern among lawmakers about the long-term consequences of unregulated social media use. Yet, despite these hearings and policy proposals, progress remains slow. The powerful influence of the tech industry, coupled with legal and logistical challenges, makes enacting a one size fits all solution difficult.
 
It's important to note that the human brain, particularly the prefrontal cortex responsible for decision-making, is not fully developed until the mid-twenties. Granting unrestricted access to cell phones at a young age can interfere with this development, leading to impulsive behavior and poor decision-making. Therefore, while legislation like SB 976 provides a framework for protection, parental involvement is paramount in ensuring that children develop resilience through real-world interactions and physical activity.
 
Before the smartphone era, society enjoyed more direct social interactions and higher levels of physical activity. Today, we face increasing rates of physical inactivity, obesity, and mental health issues among youth. The pervasive use of cell phones and social media platforms has introduced new challenges that threaten to alter the health landscape for this generation.
 
Some schools have taken proactive measures to reduce cell phone distractions during the academic day. In states like New Jersey and Ohio, institutions are utilizing neoprene bags with magnetic locks to collect and secure students' phones upon arrival, returning them after school hours. This approach minimizes distractions and encourages students to engage more fully in their education and peer interactions.
However, managing cell phone use at home remains unregulated and falls squarely on parents' shoulders. Parents must recognize the detrimental effects of excessive cell phone use and prioritize after-school activities and homework over screen time. Encouraging children to participate in physical activities and creative endeavors foster social engagement and build resilience.
 
While state governments are taking steps to mitigate the negative impact of social media, the federal government must take a stronger stance. Without nationwide regulations, technology companies will continue to operate with little accountability, exploiting young users for profit. National legislation that standardizes parental control requirements, enforces age-appropriate content restrictions, and holds tech companies accountable for harmful algorithms would go a long way in safeguarding children's well-being.
 
Parents and policymakers must work together to ensure that our youth develop healthy habits, engage in physical activity, and build meaningful social connections. By recognizing the cell phone as a powerful tool rather than a toy, we can help safeguard the well-being of the next generation.